Laws of Conservation

There are nearly 14 laws of conservation based on symmetry principles in physics. Anything that happens must not be forbidden by a conservation law, some of the important ones are:

Laws of conservation of linear momentum

If no external force acts on a system of colliding objects, then the total momentum before collision is equal to the total momentum after collision, in the same direction.

Law of conservation of energy

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. It can only be transformed from one form to another.

Law of conservation of angular momentum

If no external torque acts upon a system, then the angular momentum of the system remains constant.

Conservation of charge

The total electric charge of an isolated system remains constant

Fore and Interia -

An interaction which causes an acceleration is called a force. Only when we push a ball does it begin to move. A ball lying on a horizontal floor doesn't start to move all by itself. For that matter, take a parked a car on a horizontal road. Only when we activate the engine and engage the gears does the engine impose some force on the wheels, which in turn, imposes force on the road to begin motion...

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What is hooke's law

Hooke's law

A law stating that the stress applied to a material is proportional to the strain on that material. For example, if a stress on a metal bar of ten newtons per square centimeter causes it to be compressed by four millimeters, then a stress of 20 newtons per square centimeter will cause the bar to be compressed by eight millimeters. Hooke's law generally holds only up to the elastic limit of stress for that material.

the principle that the stress imposed on a solid is directly proportional to the strain produced, within the elastic limit

modulus of elasticity

The ratio of the stress applied to a body to the strain that results in the body in response to it. The modulus of elasticity of a material is a measure of its stiffness and for most materials remains constant over a range of stress. The ratio of the longitudinal strain to the longitudinal stress is called Young's modulus. The ratio of the stress on the body to the body's fractional decrease in volume is the bulk modulus. The ratio of the tangential force per unit area to the angular deformation in radians is the shear modulus.

The gravitational constant

Let us learn what is meant by gravitational constant,
The value of the gravitational constant G entering the Universal law of gravitation can be determined experimentally and this was first done by English scientist Henry Cavendish in
1798. The apparatus used by him is schematically shown in figure.Schematic drawing of Cavendish’s experiment. S1 and S2 are large spheres which are kept on either side (shown shades) of the masses at A and B. When the big spheres are taken to the other side of the masses (shown by dotted circles), the bar AB rotates a little since the torque
reverses direction. The angle of rotation can be measured experimentally.

The bar AB has two small lead spheres attached at its ends. The bar is suspended from a rigid support by a fine wire. Two large lead spheres are brought close to the small ones but on opposite sides as shown. The big spheres attract the nearby small ones by equal and opposite force as shown.
Now let us learn newton's law of gravity.